r is the yield of the solar panel given by the ratio : electrical power (in kWp) of one solar panel divided by the area of one panel. Example : the solar panel yield of a PV module of 250 Wp
This paper presents a new approach to computing the optimal tilt angle for photovoltaic (PV) panels. The influence of cloudy conditions on the tilt angle is explored. It is demonstrated that
For example, some suggested that the optimal tilt angle for PV panels is exactly the same as the latitude [, , ]. But it has also been suggested that the optimal tilt angle for annual use should be equal to the latitude minus 10° , or the latitude plus 10° and plus 20° .
(vi) The tilt angle that maximizes the total photovoltaic modules area has a great influence on the optimum tilt angle that maximizes the energy.
The results show that the 3 V × 8 configuration with a tilt angle of 14 (°) increases the amount of energy captured by up to 32.45% in relation to the current configuration of Sigena I photovoltaic plant with a levelized cost of the produced electricity efficiency of 1.10.
To quantify the potential losses associated with using non-optimized tilt angles, we calculate the annual PV power output for each PV plants in China using the optimized tilt angles and compare it with the power output obtained using the best-performing latitude-dependent scheme.
The optimum tilt angle at the same location changes periodically (Fig. 7) due to the Earth revolution around sun. In summer, when the sun shines more directly on the northern hemisphere, the tilt angle is generally small; winter is the opposite. Adjusting the tilt angle of PV panels according to the season helps capturing more energy.
Nicolás-Martín et al. presented a model for the annual optimum tilt angle as a function of latitude, diffuse fraction and albedo in the absence of meteorological data. These studies revealed that coupling more atmospheric factors can achieve better performance in estimating the optimum PV tilt angles.
