Further development of solar energy generation is becoming more attractive, especially in developing countries with favorable natural conditions. The construction of a solar (photovoltaic) power station begins with the
As one of the most important renewable resources, solar energy possesses the qualities of clean environmental protection-friendly and inexhaustibility (Mekhilef et al., 2011; Hernandez et al., 2015). Currently,
Further development of solar energy generation is becoming more attractive, especially in fast developing countries with favorable natural conditions. In addition, social and political factors contribute to the widespread use of
Photovoltaic cells are semiconductor devices that can generate electrical energy based on energy of light that they absorb.They are also often called solar cells because their primary use is to
Construction of solar cell. When these electrodes are utilised, the p-type layer does not have its accessibility to light inhibited in any way. A p-n junction can be found just beneath the p-type layer in this structure. Solar
In a baseline scenario, the capacity of individual PV and wind power plants is limited to 10 GW without electricity transmission and energy storage, whereas the growth rate of PV and wind power is constant during 2021–2060 without considering the dynamics of learning.
But PV power generation potential still reaches 131.942 PWh in 2015, which is almost 23 times the electricity demand of the entire society of China in 2015, that is, only 4.3% of the PV potential can meet the electricity consumption of the whole society.
However, most of the PV potential in China is distributed in sparsely populated regions such as northwest and Tibet of China, and more than 95% of PV power generation in these areas is centralized PV power generation .
Energy policies are the main factor driving the rapid development of PV power stations in China . Since 2004, PV production in China has experienced tremendous growth due to the dramatic increase in demand for PV in European countries. To promote the domestic deployment of PV, China launched a national solar subsidy program in 2009 [36, 37].
To achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in China, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has become increasingly important for promoting a low-carbon transition. The central and western desert areas of China have been identified as major areas for the construction of large PV bases.
By the end of 2021, the grid-connected wind and PV power installed capacity reached 328 GW and 306 GW respectively. The annual cumulative power generation of wind and PV power reached 978.5 billion kWh, up 35% year-on-year, accounting for 11.7% of the total power generation, an increase of 2.2 percentage point over the previous year (Fig. 1).
