In the main scenario (Best Policy Scenario (BPS), see Section 2.3), solar PV is limited to 1% of total land area demand with a power installation density that is growing from 91 MW/km 2 for fixed
Sustainability 2022, 14, 5099 2 of 23 suitable for PV [18–20]. There are a lot of studies concerning the utilization of land for solar energy [13,21–23]. Global electricity scenarios predict
Table 1. There are advantages and disadvantages to solar PV power generation. Grid-Connected PV Systems. PV systems are most commonly in the grid-connected configuration because it is easier to design and typically
PV power generation, a renewable resource, requires land occupation, varying by layout-distributed PV on rooftops and spare spaces in urban areas, and centralized PV in regions with longer sunlight exposure, as
This study traces how global ownership of, and investment in, wind and solar photovoltaic installations has evolved over time, driving substantial privatization of public and common lands.
The spatial allocation of wind and solar PV parks is based on data provided by ANEEL, the National Agency for Electric Energy, dated 4 February 2022. For both technologies, only facilities with the statuses ‘operating’ and ‘in construction’ were considered, and solar PV parks only above 5 MW installed capacity were included.
First, PV will gradually withdraw on agricultural land. In the face of the strictest arable land protection system, PV project development should avoid competing with food and other crops for light sources, and comply with the national guarantee of arable land retention and permanent basic farmland requirements.
The PV system on cropland consists of two stages: PV power generation and PV load. Fig. 6 illustrates the PV power generation system, which encompasses several critical components, such as the PV module, PV controller, inverter, battery, and power grid. The environment monitoring system collects data on parameters like temperature and humidity.
The majority of land regulation in wind and solar PV parks consists of private land with legal property titles (64% and 96%, respectively) (Fig. 4). For both technologies, the total share of legal private property titles is substantially higher than in the control groups.
To support the healthy development of the PV power industry and clarify land use management policies, the Chinese State Council, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the National Energy Administration, and other departments have formulated several policy documents before and after to guide matters related to land use in the PV industry.
