Any implementation of a sustainable photovoltaic solar energy system implies the optimization of the resources to be used. Therefore, it is the basis for the design and assembly of solar installations to optimize renewable
PV cell parameters are usually specified under standard test conditions (STC) at a total irradiance of 1 sun (1,000 W/m 2), a temperature of 25°C and coefficient of air mass (AM) of 1.5. The AM
Parameters of photovoltaic panels (PVPs) is necessary for modeling and analysis of solar power systems. The best and the median values of the main 16 parameters among 1300 PVPs were identified. The results obtained help to quickly and visually assess a given PVP (including a new one) in relation to the existing ones.
For cleaning performance, the spatial distribution is essentially consistent with that of the peak hours of PV panels in China. In this study, a PV system with an installed capacity of 10 MW (average market situation) was used as an example to analyze the cleaning performance of PV systems in China.
In this way, the mining degree of PV resources in these regions could be further improved, and the net carbon emission reduction of PV systems in China and countries with uneven distribution of PV resources like China could be further increased. 4.3.2. Strengthening the innovation and application of PV technologies
Compared with PV systems in other regions of China, the PV systems in these regions exhibit the advantages of higher power generation performance and more notable carbon emission reduction capacity.
Although the highest efficiency of 29% is theoretically achievable in commercial PV, this figure actually only achieves a maximum of 26% (Dewi et al., 2019). The loss of PV panel efficiency is caused by a number of internal and external causes, including environmental, constructional, installation, operational, and maintenance factors.
In 2011, the CI and EPBT values of PV systems in various regions across China were 52.65–146.98 kg CO 2 /kWh and 1.71–4.79 years, respectively, while in 2018, the CI and EPBT values decreased to 36.10–100.78 kg CO 2 /kWh and 1.53–4.26 years, respectively. Fig. 6.
